Management is the process of planning, organizing, leadership, and control efforts using all members of the organization and the organization's resources to achieve the goals set.
The process is a systematic way of doing things. We define management as a process because all the leaders of any expertise and skills, engage in activities related to each other in order to achieve organizational goals.
1. Planning suggests that the leaders think about the aims and activities prior to implementation. Their activities are usually based on a method, plan or logic, not merely guess.
2. Organizing means the leaders coordinating human and material resources of the organization.
3. Lead shows how leaders lead and influence subordinates, using others to carry out a particular task.
4. Control means the leaders tried to ensure that the organization is moving in the direction of the goal. When one part of the organization headed in the wrong direction, as managers try to find why and then pointed it back to the correct destination.
The desire for adventure in the outdoors led to the instigators of his conduct various activities and travel adventure activities, from climbing mountains, along the coast, fast-flowing river rafting, trips to the "big" is often called the expedition.
Various underlying purpose trip, started traveling, exploration, survey, or just stroll all types of travel that requires good preparation and mature, given the unpredictable nature that, if we can not cope with it well, it will bring we are in circumstances that endanger the safety of our souls, but on the contrary if the various obstacles can be anticipated, it will provide a kind of pleasure and satisfaction in the adventure.
In an effort to address the ever-changing natural conditions and unpredictable, before traveling we must do careful trip planning. How about the terrain we will face, how the weather is, how do I fix this, what will we eat there, everything should think carefully. Planning a mature way will help us overcome all kinds of obstacles that may arise either from natural or human factors alone.
Trip Planning Management Material given to provide insight into the underlying activities of travel in general. In this material will be discussed framework actors an outdoor activity.
To plan a trip to the wild must be carefully preparation and drafting. There is a formula commonly used is 4W & 1 H, which stands for is Where, Who, Why, When and How.
Following the application of the formula:
1. Where, to perform a natural activity we need to know where the place we used, for example: Mt. Helens
2. Who, if you will do these activities alone or in groups. example: one group (25 personnel) consists of five full members (the committee) and 20 students of Education (participants)
3. Why, this is a fairly lengthy question and the answer can vary for example: For Ascent mandatory.
4. When, when carrying out this activity, how long? example: 04 September 2011 to 09 September 2011.
From questions 4 W, then obtained a description as follows: on the 4 to 9 September 2011 will be held Ascent Payer, which will be implemented by the five committees and followed 20 students education. Places used for the ascent ie Payer at Mt. Helens.
For How [How] is a more comprehensive discussion of the answers to the above questions his review are as follows:
- How is the location
- How is the weather there
- How does licensing
- How to get water
- How will the committee assignment
- How will the event take place
- How is the material presented
- And others
And there are plenty of "how?" Again (please expand it again). From the answers to the questions that arise that we can draw up an action plan that contains covers details:
1. Selection field, taking into account the location basecamp, time sharing, and so on.
2. Licensing arrangements
3. The division of tasks the committee
4. Preparation needs of the event
5. The need for equipment and supplies
6. and so forth.
Equally important is that you will get an important point needs to add the cost to perform such activities. Once we identify prior to activity using 4 W 1 H, there is the ability to be possessed by the offender outdoor activities are as follows:
Four capabilities for outdoor enthusiasts
According to Colin Mortlock, An outdoor education experts, categorize capabilities required by activist outdoor activities as follows:
1. Technical capabilities, which are associated with the rhythm and balance of movement and efficient use of equipment.
2. Fitness capabilities, including specific fitness needed for a particular activity, cardiovascular fitness and circulation, as well as the ability of body conditioning to pressure natural environment.
3. The ability of humanity, namely the development of a positive attitude to all aspects to improve. This includes determination (the will), confidence, patience, concentration, self-analysis, self-reliance, and the ability to lead and be led.
4. The ability of understanding the environment, the development of awareness of the hazards of the specific environment.
The four skills are not easy to excel especially in a short time, but keep in mind that the mastery of skills is needed in outdoor activities.
Planning stages of the trip is as follows:
1. We have provided with the ability to select, manage, and use equipment and supplies:
technical skills using tools trips, such as map and compass; ability camping (camp craft), like setting up a tent bivac, and make a fire, mastery of these skills will help us organize walking technique on the mountain, forests, slashing effectively, and regulate food consumption and drink.
2. Required good physical abilities, so in addition to necessary conditions for a healthy body, physical exercise is also required in accordance with the activities to be carried out. For example, for mountain climbing, physical exercise up and down the hill to do in preparation for the trip, while also lifting exercises (backpack).
3. Required mentally ready to face strenuous activities in nature. this can not be taught by coaches, but must be grown from within. Mastery is good at three other skills would be helpful.
4. Required a good understanding of the natural conditions that will be faced and include how to choose the right time to undertake activities related to the location, season, and the field of environmental knowledge will be pursued and how to anticipate difficulties that may occur. For example, tropical mountain journey we must be ready to face the cold, wet, or slugs, etc..
TRAVEL SAFETY
Responsible for travel activities should be able to decide whether the situation the way it is safe or dangerous. Safety factors in this case should be a frame of mind of doing activities in the outdoors. For dangerous circumstances, to do classification factor, namely to:
1. Subjective Hazards.
Subjective Hazard is the potential dangers that exist under the control of human activities. Examples of wrong selection of tools, how to use equipment that is not properly controlled, the choice of a trip that is not appropriate for the participants, and others.
2. Objective Hazards.
Objective hazards are beyond human control, such as storms, floods, heat, and others.
The more subjective a danger, it will be increasingly possible to say how the occurrence and can be avoided. Rather, the more objective of a hazard, the more difficult and arduous estimated avoided. The beginner in outdoor activities have a tendency to be subjective in that region danger.
Order in the case of safety precautions and handling is accurate at the time of danger. Should be emphasized that all accidents can be avoided sebagaian large. But do not assume that all of the answers to the problems or hazards we know in advance so that success in addressing the more hazardous situations due to the careful planning and precise handling, not due to luck. Understanding of a variety of hazardous conditions and handling the technical details should be planted in the outdoor players themselves.
Trip planning factors that should be referred to in the course are as follows:
1. Environmental Factors
Environmental factors include the understanding of the destination location, the field is facing, the destination microclimate, and other matters related to the environment. Pengantisifasian this is to do a good literature study, analysis of maps, information from local government-related contact with the body, for example Meteorological Agency and geophysics. By knowing this, can be planned time (season) the right to travel and to choose the best travel routes and to be expected.
2. Factor Contestants
As to matters relating to personnel traveling players, including personnel selection, leadership (Leadership), hierarchy, job description, and responsibilities of the participants travel, and the ability of each participant travel.
In open summoned travel activities, it should be emphasized about the leader or usually we call as the head (leader). Leads from a trip (expedition) is more the responsibility of the individual and in many instances the open nature of this direct activity leader to take decisions that often must be taken immediately. Therefore, it is essential for a leader to feel 'in command' (a command). This should be instilled early on. Leaderlah that can make a trip (expedition) worked well and smoothly.
One more thing that can remember is saying "strength of steel chain lies in its weakest link". Each participant had a role in the development and security group. The weak link will affect the overall activity, try all in good condition and are mutually supportive.
3. Maintenance factor
Maintenance problems in the course include technical factors and non-technical. On the big trip (expedition) will be semi-technical factors.
a. Technical factors
is an attempt to deal directly with the operational field level of difficulty. Which is the completion of an engineering including personnel capabilities, scenarios and operating system, the selection of equipment and supplies, system documentation, as well as matters related to the safety problem.
b. Non-technical factors
is the carrying capacity operational problems do not pertain to the field level of difficulty. Carrying capacity includes organizational administrative issues (funding, permits, publications, sekertariat) and supporting global operations (global communication, accommodation city, global transportation).
c. Semi-technical factors
for large and complex expedition carrying capacity operational problems that relate directly to the level of difficulty in the fields, but they're non-technical issues (communication, Basecamp team, advance-team, take in and out team, rescue team, delivery team). This factor is between technical factors and non-technical.
The above factors will be a reference to determine the level of difficulty traveling. Mold technical factor is the readiness of participants to anticipate trouble operating field. Mold non technical factor is the readiness of the participants to anticipate the carrying capacity was operating with difficulty calculating field operations.
Good plan will divide the activities into a number of stages, which refers to the time available and the scope of work. Delays can occur because the need to wait the completion of a job and other jobs when ignorance can begin.
Therefore the schedule of tables needed for solving problems that arise as the expression of the above, so that everything will run smoothly and according to plan
Schedule table
The above schedule of activity will vary for the type of activity or different way. Each point on the diagram showing the completion of the stages that must be completed before starting the next step. The time scale is not described here because of schedule highlights the work stages. Once the schedule is made, then only can be arranged timetable (time schedule) for our travel activities.
Strip line activity that takes the longest will be given with a thicker line up efforts to accelerate the way we travel arrangements can be made with the organization undertakes a more efficient and effective in these activities strips. Remember, this is just a way of reminding us about the stages of logical thinking in preparing the trip. Schedule table helps us to think logically about the stages of activity, usually for major activities to be arranged tables like this. But for regular trips we do and uncomplicated, this stage will automatically do it.
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